MARCUS: Anger is a lust of punishing any one we imagine has injured us without cause. Heat is anger just forming and beginning to exist, which the Greeks call θυμωσις. Hatred is settled anger. Enmity is anger waiting for an opportunity of revenge. Discord is a sharper anger conceived deep in the mind and heart.
[Ira sit libido poeniendi eius qui videatur laesisse iniuria, excandescentia autem sit ira nascens et modo existens, quae θύμωσις Graece dicitur, odium ira inveterata, inimicitia ira ulciscendi tempus observans, discordia ira acerbior intimo animo et corde concepta.]
Marcus Tullius Cicero (106–43 BC) Roman orator, statesman, philosopher
Tusculan Disputations [Tusculanae Disputationes], Book 4, ch. 9 (4.9) / sec. 21 (4.21) (45 BC) [tr. Main (1824)]
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