A biome is a territory that has its own unique climate. In Minecraft, biomes differ from each other in geographical features, the type and color of generated vegetation, temperature and humidity levels. Biomes divide each generated game world into different environments, such as forests, jungles, deserts, taiga, and so on. There are 79 biomes in the game (69 in the Overworld, 5 in the Nether, and 5 in the End).
0cean

A very large, open biome, consisting entirely of water. There may be mountains and plains on the bottom, the bottom itself consists of clay and gravel, and there may also be canyons and underwater fortresses. The ocean can be up to 30 blocks deep and several thousand blocks long. Sometimes islands can generate in the ocean, like small versions of other biomes. But small islands (usually less than 20 blocks) belong to the ocean biome. With the 1.7 update, the Deep Ocean biome appeared, which can be up to 60 blocks deep and has a bottom made only of gravel.
Plains

A relatively flat biome with rolling hills and lots of tall grass (more than any other biome). Trees can spawn, but very rarely. Lots of ravines and ponds, and a canyon can also emerge. One of three biomes that generate villages. Horses spawn on the plain.
Mountains

A mountain biome that appeared in Beta 1.8 (before this update, mountains were found in all biomes). Trees generate, but rarely. Here, more often than other biomes, you can find such picturesque structures as cliffs, arches, overhangs, waterfalls, and floating islands. Here, the probability of generating underground caves is highest. Sometimes, small lakes are found at sea level. Only in this biome can you find emerald ore. Coal ore often comes to the surface, which makes its extraction easy and safe.
Forest

Quite a common biome updated in version 1.18.
Taiga

A biome with a large number of coniferous trees and gray-blue grass. Ferns are often found in the taiga. Since Beta 1.8, wolves now appear in the taiga much more often. In version 1.1, a bug was fixed that appeared in 1.8 Beta, due to which there was no snow and ice in the taiga. Very often, the taiga is generated hilly. After update 1.7.2, there are two variants of taiga: taiga without snow and a rarer cold taiga, in which snow falls and water freezes.
Swampland

A flat biome with many small lakes. Trees can grow in the lakes, under them grow a large number of mushrooms (mostly brown), and vines grow on the leaves. You can also find reeds. The water is gray, on its surface float water lilies, for collecting which you do not need a tool. Under the water there can be a large amount of clay, from which you can later make bricks. Also in this biome you can find a witch's hut. This is the only biome where slugs appear on the surface. A very favorable biome.
Hell

A single Nether biome. At elevations 1 and 128, it is bounded by bedrock. The lava ocean is at elevation 31. The lava also flows faster and further than in the overworld. Only here do ghasts, lava cubes, blazes, wither skeletons, and zombie pigmen spawn. Infernal fortresses generate in this biome. There are small caves, quartz and glowstone are found in large quantities.
The End

Single End biome. It is a low, bounded island of Endstone in the middle of nowhere with obsidian pillars. Only Endermen, Ender Silverfish, and the single Ender Dragon live here. If you put this biome in a normal world, the sky in this biome will always be dark. Before version 1.8 (14w17a), the biome was called Sky.
Ice Plains

Snowy, barren, flat terrain with almost no trees, the surface of rivers and lakes in this biome consists of ice. It snows often.
Mushroom Island

A biome that most often generates on an island in the ocean. The ground is covered in mycelium. This is the only biome (aside from the Dark Forest) where Giant Mushrooms grow, and where mushrooms grow in daylight. Only Mooshrooms spawn naturally in this terrain. This rule applies to caves underneath the biome and to player farming, however, mobs from the Mob Spawner and Spawn Eggs, Snow Golems, and Iron Golems will spawn normally. Trees and other plants grow normally in this biome, however, plants will "drop" if the mycelium spreads to the dirt blocks they are growing on. Grass looks vibrant in this biome.
Jungle

A biome where tropical trees and their giant variations grow - baobabs. They have a lot of foliage and vines, unlike other biomes, and ferns also grow in this biome. The biome is hilly, with mountains. The crown of a tropical tree growing on a hill is the highest point that can be reached using generated structures. Also in this biome lives a friendly cowardly mob - an ocelot, the first one capable of sprinting. In this biome you can find a temple. Hostile mobs rarely spawn in the jungle because there is a lot of foliage, so spawning is impossible. But there is a bug when friendly mobs appear in the foliage, because the game thinks that the mob is spawning on a block of grass when there is foliage on top. After update 1.7.2, watermelons can be found in this biome, but the jungle is now much less common.
Birch Forest

A forest biome resembling plains. The terrain is hilly, the vegetation is tall grass and flowers, sometimes pumpkins. The only trees are tall birches.
Roofed Forest

A biome, most of which is occupied by dark oaks with wide trunks and large crowns. Huge mushrooms and birches grow less often. The dense leaves of the trees block the surface from light, so aggressive mobs can spawn in the forest.
Mega Taiga

A biome, the main part of the surface of which is covered by podzol. Tall variations of coniferous trees with wide trunks - sequoias - grow here. Mushrooms, ferns and dry bushes grow. There are structures of mossy cobblestones. Wolves appear as in the forest or taiga.
Desert

The biome consists of sand, cacti, and dry bushes. There are no trees, as there is no soil in the desert. Sometimes there are lava lakes. There is no precipitation. There are no water lakes. Sometimes there are sand wells, temples, and characteristic sand villages. Occasionally, due to bugs, you can encounter cacti up to seven blocks high. The sand crumbles, so it can sometimes "give away" a treasure located close to the surface.
Savanna

A flat biome covered with yellowish grass. Large hills often generate. The only biome where acacias grow. One of three biomes where villages generate. Horses spawn as on the plain. No precipitation as in the desert. Pumpkins spawn.
Mesa

The biome is mainly made up of burnt clay of various colors and red sand with red sandstone. Dry bushes grow.
Pale Garden

The Pale Garden is a forest biome, the main features of which are the creaking and pale oak trees that grow exclusively in this biome. It is a variant of the dark forest, with trees of the same shape and size, but with the addition of pale hanging moss.
Deep Dark

This is a cave biome that generates deep underground in the Overworld. It can be found beneath the Mountain biome. Warden is a dangerous hostile mob that is nearly impossible to deal with. It spawns when sculk screamers react to noise made by the player near sculk sensors.
Also found in this biome is the Ancient City, a large natural structure that is an abandoned city made of shale blocks. Near the main corridors are ruins that contain chests with useful loot. Bioluminescent enemies that have adapted to life in an environment where most light does not penetrate can also be found in the dark depths. Examples include the Bobbit Worm, Anglerfish, Goblin Shark, Blobfish, Snail, and Stargazer.