Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls: How Desert Caves Changed the Perception of Ancient Judaism

The material is prepared based on the interview with "Hromadske Radio" (published on January 15, 2026 (Ukr.)). Interviewees: journalist Yelyzaveta Tsaregradska and the president of the Ukrainian Association of Judaic Studies, senior research fellow of the Judaic Foundation of the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine, Vitaliy Chernoivanenko.

Qumran and the Dead Sea Scrolls are one of those topics where a successful name immediately sets both geography and intrigue. On one hand, it is a real point on the map near the Dead Sea in the Judean Desert, not far from Jerusalem. On the other hand, it is a huge corpus of texts found in caves and surroundings that changes the understanding of the religious and intellectual life of Judea at the turn of our era. That is why the question "what is Qumran" almost always leads to the next: "who wrote these scrolls and why did they end up in the caves."

Why they are called "Dead Sea Scrolls"

In the interview, Chernoivanenko begins with a mundane but illustrative story: when he defended his dissertation on this topic (2012), one of the council members was surprised by the very phrase "manuscripts of the sea" — like, "how can there be manuscripts…

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